What we model
- How much to convert each year, sized to bracket thresholds
- The effect on Medicare premium surcharges (IRMAA)
- Taxation of Social Security benefits
- Required minimum distributions and their timing
- Withdrawal order across taxable, tax-deferred and Roth accounts
- Qualified charitable distributions for clients who give
Why timing matters
A conversion that looks expensive in one year can save more in later years, or the reverse. The plan compares conversion amounts across years, so the family can weigh the tax paid now against the tax avoided later under clearly stated assumptions.